Uses and aplications of esters.
Carboxilic acids and esters
miércoles, 28 de marzo de 2012
Esters
Esters.
Closely
related to the carboxylic acids, there are several chemical families known as
functional derivatives of carboxylic acids: the acid chlorides, anhydrides,
amides and esters.
The derivatives are compounds in which the
–OH of a carboxylic group is replace by –CI, -OOCR, -NH2 and in the esters case
is -OR’
All of them contain the acyl group
And
substituting, the general formula of the esters is:
Main uses of carboxilic acids
Main uses of carboxilic acids
Fatty acids: The most important
industrial applications of compounds with carboxyl groups are the use of fatty
acids that make soaps, detergents, and shampoos. Their solubility allows water to wash out the
fat based dirt. Carboxylic acids are also important in the manufacture of
greases, crayons, and plastics. they are important in the formation of fat in
the body.
A special form of
carboxylic acids is the amino acids, which are
carboxylic acids that also have a nitrogen-containing group called an amine
group it’s important because combinations of amino acids make up the proteins.
Much of the human body, like skin, hair, and muscle, is composed of protein.
The most important
industrial applications of compounds with carboxyl groups are the use of fatty
acids that make soaps, detergents, and shampoos. Their solubility allows water to wash out the
fat based dirt. Carboxylic acids are also important in the manufacture of
greases, crayons, and plastics. they are important in the formation of fat in
the body.
IUPAC rules for for naiming carboxilic acids
IUPAC rules for naiming carboxilic acids.
Examples:
Rule 1: Select as the
parent carbon chain that incluides the carbon atom of
the carboxyl group.
Rule 2: Name the
parent chain by changing the –e ending of the corresponding alkane to –oic acid.
Rule 3: Number the
parent chain by assigning the number one to the carboxylic carbon atom, but
omit this number from the name.
Rule 4: Determine the
identity and location of any substituents in the usual maner, and append this
information to the front of the parent chain name.
Rule 5: If the
carbonyl group is bonded to a carbon ring, name the ring and add the words
carboxylic acid. The carbon bearing the carboxyl group is always carbon
1.Locate any other ring substituents in the usual name.
Examples:
The root name is
based on the longest chain including the carboxylic acid group, therefore
suffix= -oic acid.
Hydrocarbon structure
is an alkane therefore –ane
The longest
continuous chain is C4 therefore root =but
Butanoic acid
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